Sperm capacitation is the process by which sperm become capable of fertilizing an egg. This process occurs in the female reproductive tract and involves a series of changes in the sperm's physiology, including the removal of cholesterol from the plasma membrane and an increase in the level of intracellular calcium.
The acrosome reaction is a process that occurs in the sperm when it comes into contact with the egg. The acrosome is a specialized organelle on the head of the sperm that contains enzymes used for fertilization. When the sperm comes into contact with the egg, the acrosome reaction is triggered, resulting in the release of these enzymes, which helps the sperm to penetrate the egg's protective barrier.
Both sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction are essential for successful fertilization. The capacitation prepares the sperm for the acrosome reaction, which allows it to fertilize the egg.
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