𝘿𝙍𝙐𝙂𝙎 𝙏𝙤 𝘼𝙑𝙊𝙄𝘿 𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙋𝙍𝙀𝙂𝙉𝘼𝙉𝘾𝙔

* DRUGS To AVOID During PREGNANCY *

1) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 :

▫Fluoroquinolones : (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, And Norfloxacin)

▫Sulfonamides : (Sulfasalazine And Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole)

▫Tetracyclines

▫Streptomycin

▫Nitrofurantoin

** Abnormalities Caused :

Possibility of Bone And Joint Abnormalities. 

(Seen Only In animals). 

2) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐮𝐥𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 :

▪Carbamazepine

▪Phenobarbital

▪Phenytoin

▪Valproate

** Abnormalities Caused :

Bleeding Problems In The Newborn. To

This Problem Can be Prevented By Taking Vitamin K Orally 30 Days Before Delivery.

Cause Risk Of Birth Defects, Including Neural Tube Defects. 

(Such As Spina Bifida)

Valproate Cause Some (1%) Risk Of Birth Defects, Including Neural Tube Defects. 

(Such As Meningomyelocele),

Cleft Palate, And 

Defects of Face, The Heart, Skull, Limbs and Spine. 

 3) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 :

 a) Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors :

▪Captopril

▪Benazepril

▪Fosinopril

▪Enalapril

▪Lisinopril

▪Quinapril

▪Ramipril

▪Trandolapril

▪Perindopril

** Abnormalities Caused :

Serious Injury To The Fetus,

May Cause Kidney Damage In The Fetus,

Reduce Amniotic Fluid,

Also Cause Defects Of Lungs, Face and Limbs.

 b) Calcium Channel Blockers :

▫Isradipine

▫Nisoldipine

▫Amlodipine

▫Verapamil

▫Nifedipine (Sustained - Release Only)

▫Diltiazem(Sustained - Release Only)

▫Nicardipine

▫Felodipine

** Abnormalities Caused :

Fluid Retention in the Ankles,

Dizziness,

Headache,

Flushing,

Heartburn,

Tachycardia and

Enlarged Gums. 

Verapamil Also Causes Constipation.

 c) Beta Blockers :

▫Atenolol

▫Bisoprolol

▫Metoprolol

▫Acebutolol

▫Nadolol

▫Penbutolol

▫Propranolol

▫Betaxolol

▫Carteolol

▫Timolol

▫Nebivolol

▫Pindolol

** Problems Caused :

Slow Growth Rate In The Fetus,

Low Level Of Blood Sugar And Low Heart Rate.

 d) Thiazide Diuretics :

▫Chlorothiazide

▫Bendroflumethiazide

▫Hydroflumethiazide

▫Chlorthalidone

▫Methyclothiazide

▫Metolazone

▫Indapamide

▫Hydrochlorothiazide

** Problems Caused :

Decrease In The Level Of Oxygen, Potassium Sodium,

Decrease In Number Of Platelets In The Fetus,

Inadequate Growth Before Birth.

 4) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐱𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐃𝐫𝐮𝐠𝐬 :

▪Lithium

** Abnormalities Caused :

Poor Feeding, 

Lethargy,

Reduced Muscle Tone,

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus In The Newborn and

Underactivity Of The Thyroid Gland.

 5) 𝐍𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢 - 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐃𝐫𝐮𝐠𝐬 (𝐍𝐒𝐀𝐈𝐃𝐬) :

▪Naproxen

▪Ibuprofen

▪Aspirin and other Salicylate

** Problems Or Abnormalities Caused:

When Taken In Large Doses,

Probably Miscarriages During The First Trimester,

A Delay Within The Begin Of Labor,

Premature Closing Of The Connection Between The Aorta And Artery To The Lungs (Ductus Arteriosus),

Jaundice,

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (Damage To The Liner Of The Intestine), And (Occasionally)

Brain Injury Within The Foetus And Bleeding Issues Within The Woman Throughout And After Delivery And / Or Within The Newborn When The Medication Is Taken Late In Pregnancy,

A Reduction In The Amount Of Amniotic Fluid. 

 6) 𝐒𝐞𝐱 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬 :

Synthetic Progestins

(But Not The Low Doses Used In Oral Contraceptives)

▫Danazol

When Synthetic Progestin And Danazol Are Taken In The early Stages Of Pregnancy, Masculinization Of A Female Fetus’s Genitals, Sometimes Requiring Surgery For Correction. 

▫Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Abnormalities Of The Penis In Sons,

Abnormalities Of The Uterus,

An Increased Risk Of Vaginal Cancer,

Menstrual Problems, and

Complications During Pregnancy In Daughters.

 7) 𝐕𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 :

Vaccines for Polio, Measles, Mumps or Yellow Fever. 

These Vaccines Causes Potential Infection Of The Placenta And Developing Fetus.

Vaccine For Chickenpox (Varicella) And Rubella.

This Is Associated With Unknow Risks.

8) 𝐃𝐫𝐮𝐠𝐬 𝐔𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧 𝐒𝐤𝐢𝐧 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 :

▫Isotretinoin

▫Etretinate

** Problems Caused :

Both Drugs, 

Birth defects, Such As

Small Ears,

Heart Defects, and Hydrocephalus.

While Isotretinoin Also Cause Intellectual Disability And Risk of Miscarriage.

9) 𝐎𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 :

▫Metformin

▫Glyburide

▫Tolbutamide

By : @ummedsaini_

@nursing_education