COPD (CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE)

What is COPD ?

* COPD - CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

COPD refers to disease that produced obstruction of air flow. They are chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma

Other name of COPD :-

1 Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)

2 Chronic airflow limitation (CAL)

3 Chronic lower respiratory disease(CLRD)

Etiology / Risk factors :-

- Environment

- work place

- air pollution

- Cigarette smoking

- air pollution

- chemical forms

- dust

Pathophysiology :-

Due to any logical factors of COPD

                         ⬇️

Affect ciliary cleaning mechanism of respiratory tract.

                         ⬇️

Air flow is obstructed and air becomes trapped behind the obstruction

                          ⬇️

 Alveoli greatly distant and long           capacity decreased

                          ⬇️

  Increase production and                        accumulation of the mucus

                          ⬇️

      Produce more infection

                          ⬇️

            Damage to lungs

                          ⬇️

                       COPD

Clinical manifestation / sign and symptoms :-

- respiratory insufficiency

- fatigue

- tachypnea

- prolong expiration

- chronic cough

- sputum production

- weight loss

- tightness of chest

- pitting peripheral edema

Treatment :-

1. Medical management :-

- lungs transplantations

- oxygen therapy

- surgery

- corticosteroids

- bronchodilators

- vaccine may also be effective

- smoking cessation, if appropriate.

2. Nursing management :-

- assessment

- improving breathing pattern

- air way clearance

- improve active tolerance

- monitoring and managing complications.

By : @ummedsaini_