Nervous tissue || Composition, structure, functions

Nervous tissue

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The most complex tissue in the human body is nerve tissue.

Formed by a network of more than 100 million nerve cells, assisted by many more glial cells.

Each neuron has, on an average, at least a thousand interconnection with other neurons forming a very complex nervous system.

Function

1. Regulates & controls body functions

2. Generates & transmits nerve impulses

3. Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

Composition

The nerve tissue is composed of two elements:

1. The nerve cell or neuron 

2. The neuroglia

1- Nerve cell or Neuron

Nerve cells, also known as a neurons, are the active component of the nervous system.

Neurons communicate with each other as well as with other cells through electric signals (nerve impulses), which in turn allows effector organs to respond to the appropriate stimuli.

Function: 

Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) that control their activity.

Location:

 Brain, spinal cord and nerves.

2- Neuroglia or glial cells

Neuroglia, or glia, are the supportive cells for neurons.

They are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses.

They are involved in provision of nutrients, maintenance of a stable homeostatic environment, and the production of the myelin sheath.

Function:

Glia carry nutrients, speed repair, provide myelin for axons, support the blood-brain barrier, and may form their own communication network.

They are also involved in neurogenesis.

Location

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system

By : ummedsaini_